Introduction Computer

1.Computers
Basically the computer is a calculator tool. The first is a human computer. Human and the computer created to facilitate human work, that is where the main function of a computer creation. Generation computer technology ranging from computers to use the technology of mechanical microprossesor main function is to facilitate the work of man. eg abacus, abacus is the first tool used calculation, helps the human memory in doing calculations. So is the machine that made Blaise Pascal in 1642 at the age of 19 first. Punch Card In 1801 by Joseph Marie Jacquard, Eniac, until the current generation of computers that use tekhniologi microprossesor, all serve to facilitate the work of man.
Main
2.Komponen Computers
Computer components are generally divided into three parts namely hardware, software, and brainware. Computer hardware is the physical components of the computer. Hardware is an important part of where the hardware is the main specifications of the computer, a computer security, and as the main maintenance of a computer. Although the above items can be accessed via software hardware that still plays it. No less important is brainware components, the brain of the computer brain that determine a computer. Brainware itself is nothing but a human mengoprasikan hardware and software, optimizing the performance of hardware and software. Software is a tool that menegahi between poranti hardware with software tools.
3.Hardware Computers
Hardware on a computer system is divided into 3 main sections, namely:
Input Unit
Processing Unit
Output Unit
a.Input Unit
Is part of the computer hardware that serves as a tool to enter data, etc. into the computer. This unit of input devices include:
Keyboard
Mouse
Media Storage (such as HDD, FDD, CD, DVD etc).
Scanner
including Touch Screen Monitor, light pen, etc..
b.Processing Unit
Processing unit is also called the CPU (Central Processing Unit) which is the heart of the computer. The main work as a process, computation, logic, control, setting the performance relationships between components, and to allocate temporary storage or permanent. The main device and a processor which is normally Chipshet the Mainboard.
In general, the CPU has 3 main components again, namely:
Aritmatic & Logical Unit (ALU): The main task of the ALU perform arithmetic calculations and the nature of the operation to the decision logic and bit manipulation, in accordance with the instructions of the program.
Control Unit: It functions as regulator and controller of all existing equipment in the computer system and tool set when receive data input and output devices when the monitor displays (Instruction Cycle).
Main Memory (Main Storage): Main memory is a place or medium used to store data that will or are being processed by a computer system.
Main memory is divided into two parts, namely:
1) ROM (Read Only Memory): ROM is permanent memory embedded on a computer system that was developed and manufactured by the factory and usually not to be changed by the computer user. ROM consists of the main program for a computer system configurations, such as BIOS, BASIC and the bootstrap loader. Signal in this ROM that govern all the tasks the CPU (Central Processing Unit) when the computer started activated / turned on.
2) RAM (Random Access Memory): All the data entered through input devices on each application will be incorporated first into the RAM. The data contained in RAM is only temporary, if the computer is turned off then the data will be lost.
c.Output Unit
Hardware is functioning to present the results of the output of a process that was working on the computer. The shape of this output devices include: monitors, printers, projectors, speakers, etc..
4.PC Components
1) Cassing and Power Supply
a. Cassing is the place of the components - components that will be a raft. Casing consists of a variety - different forms including:
(a) Cassing Desktop
(b) Cassing Tower
(c) Cassing Slim
5.Power Supplay a source of energy for a computer that serves to change the AC into DC current. Type supplay power supply for the PC market for assembled computers is 2:
a) AT
separate power a.Kabel mainboard with a pin 8 and pin 9
b.Cara was manually shut down the computer through the keypad / Switch
b) ATX
a.Kabel mainboard is not a separate power
b.Untuk can shut down your computer through the operating system for power on / off was controlled by the mainboard
2) Mainboard
The motherboard is a board where the computer components are embedded and can be interconnected. Mainboard types are numerous, but the quality of this motherboard is determined by the chipset embedded in it like: Gigabyte, Intel, SIS, NVIDIA nForce, VIA and others.
Some other things that need to be considered to identify mainboard and components contained therein (on-board):
Power Connector
Slot / Socket Processor
Memory Slot
Bateray CMOS
BIOS (Basic Input Output System)
CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor)
Chipset
FSB: It is the bus speed of the system on the mainboard.
3) Processor
Processor is the brain or engine of a PC, sometimes also called the microprocessor or central processing unit (CPU), which perform calculations (ALU functions) and processing systems.
There are 2 class processor released in today's consumers, namely:
1.Kelas Mainstream / Power / Performance / High-End Processor is represented by the Pentium processor family (II, III, & 4) from Intel and family Athlon (Thunderbird, XP, Sempron) from AMD.
2.Kelas Value / Low-End Processor represented by the Intel Celeron, AMD Duron, VIA Cyrix and Transmeta.
Which makes the class difference is the speed, features and number of cache memorynya.
L1 cache is a small amount of SRAM memory used as cache integrated into the same module on the processor. Function to store temporary instructions and data and ensure data processor has a stable suplay to be processed, while the memory capture and store new data.
L2 Cache SRAM chip consists of located near the processor, but for the latest generation of processors L2 cache onchip (already merged with the processor). L2 cache has the same function with L1 cache and is known as secondary cache speed is lower than the L1 cache (but larger capacity).
4) Memory
Some types of memory: EDO RAM
SDRAM (Synchronous Dynamicc RAM)
DDR SDRAM (Double Date Rate SDRAM)
RDRAM (RAMBUS Double RAM)
RAMBUS memory is a type specific to Intel P4.
SO DIMM is usually found on a laptop computer.
5) VGA Card
Is the liaison between the CPU with Monitor.
6) Hard disk (HDD)
Disk is a type of fixed disk, usually made of metal or disc-shaped plate. A hard drive usually consists of more than one disc or plate is coated with iron oxide. This plate is called a platter, each platter consisting of 2 sides. Because the structure consisting of several disks the disk has a large storage capacity. Furthermore disk speed is also very high with a round of 3600, 4500, 5400, 6300, 7200, 10000, 12000 rpm, so the data acces very quickly.